Factors influencing further vertebral height loss following percutaneous vertebroplasty in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: A 1-year follow-up study

Table 2 Results of the binary univariate regression analysis revealed significant associations with further height loss among osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture patients undergoing percutaneous vertebroplasty with cement augmentation

Parameter	B	SE	Wals	P value	OR (95%CI)
Age in years	-0.005	0.030	0.027	0.871	0.995 (0.939-1.055)
Sex as male vs female	-1.247	0.762	2.677	0.102	0.287 (0.064-1.28)
BMI in kg/m2	-0.040	0.144	0.077	0.782	0.961 (0.724-1.275)
BMD by T score	-5.925	1.239	22.886	< 0.001	0.003 (0.000-0.030)
Presence of intravertebral cleft as yes vs no	5.399	0.860	39.449	< 0.001	221.25 (41.035-1192.92)
Operation time in minutes	-0.013	0.039	0.102	0.749	0.987 (0.914-1.067)
Preoperative VAS	-0.100	0.138	0.526	0.468	0.905 (0.690-1.186)
Postoperative VAS	-0.068	0.124	0.295	0.587	0.935 (0.732-1.193)
Preoperative ODI	0.029	0.038	0.564	0.453	1.029 (0.955-1.110)
Postoperative ODI	0.033	0.033	0.973	0.324	1.033 (0.968-1.103)
Back pain before procedure in days	0.005	0.018	0.082	0.775	1.005 (0.970-1.042)
Vertebral compression degree	0.046	0.016	8.060	0.005	1.048 (1.014-1.082)
Morphology as biconcave vs wedge	0.062	0.462	0.018	0.894	1.064 (0.430-2.630)
Vertebral level as thoracolumbar vs lumbar and thoracic	1.181	0.643	3.376	0.066	3.259 (0.924-11.490)
Bone cement volume in mL	0.147	0.103	2.036	0.154	1.158 (0.947-1.418)
Bone cement distribution as cleft vs trabecular	2.936	0.760	14.922	< 0.001	18.842 (4.248-83.578)
Filling from inferior to superior endplate as no vs yes	0.837	0.767	1.191	0.275	2.309 (0.514-10.381)
Bone cement as MC-PMMA vs PMMA	2.354	0.643	13.411	< 0.001	0.095 (0.027-0.335)
Bone cement leakage as yes vs no	-0.636	0.482	1.741	0.187	0.530 (0.206-1.361)
Length of hospital stay in days	0.087	0.134	0.418	0.518	1.090 (0.839-1.418)

BMD: Bone mineral density; CI: Confidence interval; IVF: Intravertebral cleft; MC-PMMA: Mineralized collagen modified-poly(methyl methacrylate); ODI: Oswestry disability index; OR: Odds ratio; OVCF: Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture; PVP: Percutaneous vertebroplasty; VAS: Visual analog scale.