Factors influencing further vertebral height loss following percutaneous vertebroplasty in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: A 1-year follow-up study

Table 1 Comparison of patient characteristics between two distinct groups of patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture who underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty with cement augmentation

Characteristics	No Further Height Loss, n = 179	Further Height Loss, n = 21	P value
Age in years	68.72 ± 7.93	68.43 ± 6.67	0.871
Sex			0.110
Male	48 (26.8%)	2 (9.5%)
Female	131 (73.2%)	19 (90.5%)
BMI in kg/m2	21.14 ± 1.61	21.04 ± 1.63	0.783
BMD by T-score	-3.2 (-3.5 to -2.8)	-3.8 (-3.95 to -3.7)	< 0.001
Back pain before procedure in d	20.59 ± 7.06	19.9 ± 6.83	0.776
Vertebral compression degree	26% (16%-37%)	39% (32.5%-42.5%)	< 0.001
Operation time in minutes	54.72 ± 5.95	54.29 ± 5.62	0.750
Preoperative VAS	7.47 ± 1.79	7.19 ± 1.5	0.092
Postoperative VAS	4.45 ± 2.01	4.05 ± 1.88	0.062
Preoperative ODI	40.84 ± 6.12	39.86 ± 5.77	0.154
Postoperative ODI	20.59 ± 7.06	19.9 ± 6.83	0.135
Presence of intravertebral cleft on MRI			< 0.001
Yes	2 (1.1)	15 (71.4)
No	177 (98.9)	6 (28.6)
Morphology			1.000
Wedge	88 (49.2)	10 (47.6)
Biconcave	91 (50.8)	11 (52.4)
Vertebral level			0.126
Lumbar (L) or Thoracic (T)	63 (35.2)	3 (14.3)
Thoracolumbar (TL)	116 (64.8)	18 (85.7)
Bone cement			< 0.001
MC-PMMA	114 (63.7)	3 (14.3)
PMMA	65 (36.3)	18 (85.7)
Bone cement volume in mL	5.03 ± 2.34	5.82 ± 2.49	0.151
Bone cement distribution			< 0.001
Trabecular	119 (66.5)	2 (9.5)
Cleft	60 (33.5)	19 (90.5)
Filling from Inferior to Superior Endplate			0.211
Yes	35 (71.4)	2 (9.5)
No	144 (28.6)	19 (90.5)
Bone cement leakage			0.194
Yes	135 (75.4)	13 (61.9)
No	44 (24.6)	8 (38.1)
Length of hospital stay in days	8 (6-9)	8 (7-9)	0.544

Data are n (%). BMD: Bone mineral density; IVF: Intravertebral cleft; MC-PMMA: Mineralized collagen modified-poly(methyl methacrylate); ODI: Oswestry disability index; VAS: Visual analog scale.