A rare presentation of unicentric Castleman's disease in the thigh: A case report and review of literature

Table 1 Main features of unicentric Castleman disease

	Features	Ref.
Epidemiology	Incidence (United States): 16–19 cases per million person-years. No gender predominance	[2,3]
Cause	Probable clonal neoplastic condition: Benign neoplasm of FDCs	[4,10-14]
Risk factors	Not known	[10]
Clinical presentation	Single lymph node mass (non-tender lymphadenopathy): Asymptomatic or manifesting as pain, sensation of heaviness, compression of organs, and anatomic structures (e.g., chest lesions). In the plasma cell subtype: Fever, fatigue, and laboratory abnormalities (IL-6 secretion: Elevated ESR, elevated CRP, anemia)	[1,4-7,9,15,16,20,21]
Disorders associated	Polyneuropathy, Hodgkin disease, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and follicular dendritic cell sarcoma	[16,20,21]
Site	Mediastinum, neck, abdominal cavity, retroperitoneum, and pelvis. Less frequently in axillary or inguinal regions	[5,7]
Imaging	Useful for differential diagnosis: Ultrasonography, CT, MRI	[15,20]
Differential diagnosis	Lymphomas; cancer (e.g., lymph node metastasis); benign proliferative lesions (e.g., thymoma); inflammatory processes (e.g., sarcoidosis); infections (e.g., tuberculosis)	[17,18]
Histopathology	Confirm the diagnosis: Hyaline vascular or plasma cell-type aspects	[8,20]
Virology	HHV-8 negative	[18]
Therapy	Surgical excision is preferred. Radiotherapy, embolization, or systemic therapy for non-resectable symptomatic lesions	[5,19-21]
Outcome	Long-term follow-up to monitor for potential recurrences	[22]

FDCs: Follicular dendritic cells; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP: C-reactive protein; CT: Computed tomography; MRI: Magnetic resonance imagining; HHV-8: Herpesvirus/human herpesvirus-8.