Comparative effects of insulin pump and injection on gestational diabetes mellitus pregnancy outcomes and serum biomarkers

Table 5 Comparison of levels of insulin pump group, subcutaneous injection group, secreted frizzled-related protein 5, homocysteine and C1q/TNF-related protein 9

Variable	Insulin pump group (n = 210)	Insulin subcutaneous injection group (n = 210)	t/χ2	P value
SFRP5 (mmol/L)	6.72 ± 1.05	6.08 ± 1.26	5.655	< 0.001
Hcy (mmol/L)	5.27 ± 2.02	7.04 ± 1.48	10.243	< 0.001
CTRP9 (mmol/L)	46.28 ± 8.15	38.86 ± 6.54	10.290	< 0.001

Hcy: Homocysteine; SFRP5: Secreted frizzled-related protein 5; CTRP9: C1q/TNF-related protein 9.