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©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Clin Cases. Jun 16, 2024; 12(17): 3061-3075
Published online Jun 16, 2024. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i17.3061
Published online Jun 16, 2024. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i17.3061
Table 1 Characteristics of chronic kidney disease patients with or without renin-angiotensin system inhibitors prescriptions, n (%)
| Characteristic | All | No RASI | RASI | P value |
| Patients | 35090 | 25047 | 10043 | |
| Beijing patients | 6756 (19.3) | 5045 (20.1) | 1711(17.0) | |
| Guideline-recommend patients | 18919 (53.9) | 11673 (61.7) | 7246 (72.2) | < 0.001 |
| Calendar year | < 0.001 | |||
| 2010–2011 | 6679 (19.0) | 5785 (23.1) | 894 (8.9) | < 0.001 |
| 2012–2013 | 7487 (21.3) | 5104 (20.4) | 2383 (23.7) | |
| 2014–2015 | 7205 (20.5) | 4606 (18.4) | 2599 (25.9) | |
| 2016–2017 | 6770 (19.3) | 4503 (18.0) | 2267 (22.6) | |
| 2018–2019 | 6949 (19.8) | 5049 (20.2) | 1900 (18.9) | |
| Age ≥ 60 yr | 11581 (33.0) | 7688 (76.6) | 2355 (23.4) | < 0.001 |
| Men | 21803 (62.1) | 15493 (61.9) | 6310 (62.8) | |
| Ethnic group | ||||
| Han Chinese | 31743 (90.5) | 22686 (90.6) | 9057 (90.2) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.74 (22.18, 27.4406) | 24.44 (21.91, 27.12) | 25.48 (28.26, 22.99) | |
| Age, yr | 50.33 ± 16.924 | 51.15 ± 17.097 | 46.97 ± 15.760 | < 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 138 ± 26 | 140 ± 18 | 135 ± 42 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 79 ± 12 | 77 ± 14 | 82 ± 9 | |
| Blood glucose (mmol/L) | 8.1 ± 4.3 | 7.9 ± 4.1 | 8.5 ± 5.1 | |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 110 ± 25.6 | 111.4 ± 27 | 107.3 ± 26.2 | |
| Serum phosphorus (mmol/L) | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | |
| CO2 (mmol/L) | 22.7 ± 3.6 | 23.8 ± 2.5 | 20.4 ± 4.6 | |
| Serum potassium (mmol/L) | 4.3 ± 0.7 | 4.1 ± 0.6 | 4.8 ± 0.9 | |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 2.4 (1.1, 3.2) | 2.2 (1.1, 3.0) | 2.8 (1.4, 6.2) | |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.50 (3.7000, 5.5500) | 4.7000 (3.9300, 5.8200) | 4.3900 (3.6000, 5.41000) | |
| Admitting department | < 0.001 | |||
| Department of Nephrology | 18072 (51.5) | 10669 (42.6) | 7403 (73.7) | |
| Department of Cardiology | 4460 (12.7) | 3233 (12.9) | 1227 (12.2) | |
| Department of Endocrinology | 2306 (6.6) | 1504 (6) | 802 (8.0) | |
| Department of Neurology | 343 (1.0) | 279 (1.1) | 64 (0.6) | |
| Department of Respiratory | 497 (1.4) | 462 (1.8) | 35 (0.3) | |
| Surgery department | 4192 (11.9) | 4135 (16.5) | 57 (0.6) | |
| Others | 5220 (14.9) | 5765 (19) | 455 (4.5) | |
| Cause of CKD | ||||
| Glomerulonephritis | 14127 (40.3) | 2954 (31.8) | 6173 (61.5) | < 0.001 |
| IgA nephropathy | 4153 (11.8) | 2050 (8.2) | 2103 (20.9) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetic kidney disease | 4150 (11.8) | 2696 (10.8) | 1454 (14.5) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertensive nephropathy | 1800 (5.1) | 1004 (4.0) | 796 (7.9) | < 0.001 |
| Others | 16769 (47.7) | 12409 (49.5) | 4340 (43.3) | < 0.001 |
| Medical history | ||||
| Hypertension | 20514 (58.5) | 13533 (54) | 6981 (69.5) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 9949 (28.4) | 6892 (27.5) | 3057 (30.4) | < 0.001 |
| Coronary heart disease | 5728 (16.3) | 4244 (16.9) | 1484 (14.8) | < 0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1050 (3) | 836 (3.3) | 214 (2.1) | < 0.001 |
| Heart failure | 2879 (8.2) | 2306 (9.2) | 573 (5.7) | < 0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 687 (2) | 527 (2.1) | 160 (1.6) | 0.002 |
| Stroke | 1440 (4.1) | 1116 (4.5) | 324 (3.2) | < 0.001 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 1074 (3.1) | 678 (2.7) | 396 (3.9) | < 0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 3423 (9.8) | 2166 (8.6) | 1257 (12.5) | < 0.001 |
| Acute kidney injury | 6804 (19.4) | 5740 (22.9) | 1064 (10.6) | < 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | < 0.001 | |||
| ≥ 140 | 15467 (44.1) | 10701 (42.7) | 4766 (47.5) | |
| 120 ≤ SBP < 140 | 6403 (18.3) | 4921 (19.6) | 1482 (14.8) | |
| 90 ≤ SBP < 120 | 13002 (37.1) | 3781 (37.6) | 9221 (36.8) | |
| < 90 | 218 (0.6) | 14 (0.1) | 204 (0.8) | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | < 0.001 | |||
| ≥ 90 | 10519 (30.0) | 6797 (27.1) | 3722 (37.1) | |
| 60 ≤ DBP < 90 | 23365 (66.6) | 17231 (68.8) | 6134 (61.1) | |
| < 60 | 1206 (3.4) | 1019 (4.1) | 187 (3.4) | |
| Staging of CKD | < 0.001 | |||
| G1–2 | 13607 (38.8) | 8592 (34.3) | 5015 (49.9) | |
| G3 | 9420 (26.8) | 6305 (25.2) | 3115 (31) | |
| G4 | 4568 (13) | 3684 (14.7) | 884 (8.8) | |
| G5 | 7495 (21.4) | 6466 (25.8) | 1029 (10.2) | |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | < 0.001 | |||
| ≥ 120 | 18113.0 | 11645 (46.5) | 6468 (64.5) | |
| 100 ≤ HB < 120 | 8402.0 | 6324 (25.3) | 2078 (20.7) | |
| 70 ≤ HB< 100 | 7201.0 | 5932 (23.7) | 1269 (12.6) | |
| < 70 | 1374.0 | 1146 (4.6) | 228 (2.3) | |
| CO2 < 22 (mmol/L) | 7314 (20.8) | 5380 (21.5) | 1934 (19.3) | < 0.001 |
| Serum potassium (mmol/L) | < 0.001 | |||
| < 5.5 | 33555 (97.5) | 23749 (97.1) | 9806 (98.6) | |
| 5.5-6.0 | 592 (1.7) | 494 (2.0) | 98 (1.0) | |
| > 6.0 | 257 (0.7) | 216 (0.9) | 41 (0.4) | |
| Dipstick test positive | 25806 (73.5) | 17158 (68.5) | 8648 (86.1) | < 0.001 |
| Albuminuria | 21905 (62.43) | 13744 (54.87) | 8161 (37.3) | < 0.001 |
| A1 | 1228 (5.6) | 919 (3.7) | 309 (3.1) | |
| A2 | 3416 (15.6) | 2167 (8.7) | 1249 (12.4) | |
| A3 | 17262 (78.8) | 10658 (42.6) | 6603 (65.7) | |
| Unmeasured LVEF | 32981 (94.0) | 9531 (94.9) | 23450 (93.6) | < 0.001 |
| Medication use | ||||
| Calcium channel blocker | 9636 (27.5) | 5540 (22.1) | 4096 (40.8) | < 0.001 |
| Beta-blocker | 6193 (17.6) | 3679 (14.7) | 2514 (25) | < 0.001 |
| Diuretics | 3469 (9.9) | 1975 (7.9) | 1494 (14.9) | < 0.001 |
| Kidney replacement therapy | 1177 (3.4) | 728 (2.9) | 449 (4.5) | < 0.001 |
| Hemodialysis | 726 (2.1) | 464 (1.9) | 262 (2.6) | < 0.001 |
| Peritoneal dialysis | 494 (1.4) | 285 (1.1) | 209 (2.1) | < 0.001 |
- Citation: Zhang C, Duan ZY, Nie SS, Zhang Z, Guo XR, Zhang CY, Dong J, Cai GY. Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors prescriptions in Chinese hospitalized chronic kidney disease patients. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12(17): 3061-3075
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v12/i17/3061.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v12.i17.3061