Giant vascular malformations invading the skull: A case report

Figure 3 Surgical field images. A: Raging cranial hemorrhage with massive bone wax to stop bleeding; B: Exposure of the right internal and external carotid artery and intraoperative ligation of the right external carotid artery first; C: Surgical incision on the right anterior cervical and right frontotemporal regions, and intraoperative excision of the eroded cranium; D: Intraoperative worm-like changes in the cranium.