Management and classification of the fracture of lateral process of talus: An overview and literature update

Figure 5 Tinner-Sommer's classification of the fracture of the lateral process of the talus. A: Tinner-Sommer type 1, chip fracture; B: Tinner-Sommer type 1, a posterolateral view; C: Tinner-Sommer type 2a, undisplaced simple intraarticular fracture; D: Tinner-Sommer type 2a, a posterolateral view; E: Tinner-Sommer type 2b, displaced simple intraarticular fracture; F: Tinner-Sommer type 2b, a posterolateral view; G: Tinner-Sommer type 3a, simple fracture of the lateral talar process combined with 1 medium-sized fragment originating from the posterior subtalar articular surface; H: Tinner-Sommer type 3a, a posterolateral view; I: Tinner-Sommer type 3b, comminuted fracture of the lateral talar process on the basis of type 3a; J: Tinner-Sommer type 3b, a posterolateral view; K: Tinner-Sommer type 3c, severely comminuted fracture without chance of full reconstruction; L: Tinner-Sommer type 3c, a posterolateral view.