Evaluation of the effects of health education interventions for hypertensive patients based on the health belief model

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants, n (%)/mean ± SD

Variable	Intervention group (n = 80)	Control group (n = 80)	P value
Age (yr)	58.6 ± 9.4	59.2 ± 10.2	0.64
Gender			0.87
Male	37 (52.9)	36 (51.4)
Female	33 (47.1)	34 (48.6)
Education level			0.76
Primary school or below	15 (21.4)	16 (22.9)
Middle school	31 (44.3)	30 (42.9)
High school or above	24 (34.3)	24 (34.3)
Marital status			0.81
Married or cohabiting	64 (91.4)	63 (90.0)
Single, divorced, or widowed	6 (8.6)	7 (10.0)
Occupation			0.69
Employed or self-employed	39 (55.7)	37 (52.9)
Retired or unemployed	31 (44.3)	33 (47.1)
Smoking status			0.92
Current smoker	11 (15.7)	10 (14.3)
Former smoker or never smoker	59 (84.3)	60 (85.7)
Drinking status			0.77
Current drinker	13 (18.6)	14 (20.0)
Former drinker or never drinker	57 (81.4)	56 (80.0)
Body mass index (kg/m2)	25.4 ± 3.2	25.7 ± 3.6	0.54
Duration of hypertension (yr)	8.3 ± 6.4	8.7 ± 7.2	0.71
Number of antihypertensive drugs			0.83
One	31 (44.3)	29 (41.4)
Two or more	39 (55.7)	41 (58.6)
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	149 ± 14	150 ± 15	0.67
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	91 ± 9	92 ± 10	0.59
Medication adherence score
MMAS-8	6.2 ± 1.8	6.3 ± 1.9	0.68
Self-efficacy score
SEMCDS	68.4 ± 1.7	68.6 ± 1.8	0.51
Perceived benefits score
HHBS	16.8 ± 2.4	16.9 ± 2.6	0.32
Perceived barriers score
HHBS	11.2 ± 3.1	11.4 ± 3.3	0.49
Perceived susceptibility score
HHBS	14.6 ± 2.9	14.7 ± 3.1	0.56
Perceived severity score
HHBS	15.4 ± 2.7	1 .5 ± 2.8	0.68

P values are based on independent t-tests or chi-square tests. MMAS-8: Morisky medication adherence scale; SEMCDS: Self-efficacy for managing chronic disease scale; HHBS: Hypertension health belief scale.