Different effects of 24 dietary intakes on gastroesophageal reflux disease: A mendelian randomization

Table 1 Univariate Mendelian randomization analysis for genetically causal associations of 24 dietary intake with gastroesophageal reflux disease risk

Dietary intake	R2	F-statistic	SNPs	IVW		WM		MR-egger
				OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Pork intake	0.0004	20.499	9	2.83 (1.76, 4.55)	1.84E-05	3.60 (2.14, 6.07)	1.52E-06	49.55 (1.55, 1579.54)	0.063
Bacon intake	NA	NA	0	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Processed meat intake	0.0014	40.506	12	0.96 (0.69, 1.33)	0.794	1.12 (0.78, 1.59)	0.544	0.19 (0.01, 3.67)	0.296
Cooked vegetable intake	0.0003	10.983	9	1.87 (1.28, 2.75)	0.001	1.56 (0.95, 2.55)	0.081	0.71 (0.01, 64.25)	0.885
Salad/raw vegetable intake	0.0003	18.628	10	0.84 (0.60, 1.18)	0.309	0.90 (0.57, 1.42)	0.639	2.39 (0.42, 13.44)	0.352
Fresh fruit intake	0.0008	18.132	37	0.79 (0.56, 1.11)	0.178	0.87 (0.60, 1.27)	0.472	1.65 (0.46, 5.88)	0.443
Dried fruit intake	0.0009	12.062	26	0.37 (0.27, 0.50)	6.27E-11	0.44 (0.30, 0.61)	9.00E-07	0.13 (0.02, 0.86)	0.045
Salted nuts intake	NA	NA	1	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Unsalted nuts intake	NA	NA	0	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Salted peanuts intake	NA	NA	0	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Unsalted peanuts intake	NA	NA	1	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Average weekly red wine intake	0.0007	15.584	12	0.34 (0.25, 0.47)	1.90E-11	0.33 (0.24, 0.47)	7.03E-10	0.35 (0.04, 3.37)	0.388
Average weekly beer plus cider intake	0.0005	11.283	11	2.70 (2.00, 3.64)	6.54E-11	2.59 (1.75, 3.83)	1.82E-06	5.19 (0.73, 36.97)	0.134
Coffee intake	0.0017	23.483	26	1.22 (1.03, 1.44)	0.019	1.28 (1.06, 1.56)	0.010	1.43 (1.05, 1.94)	0.034
Tea intake	0.0025	33.827	28	1.12 (0.97, 1.29)	0.119	1.23 (1.04, 1.45)	0.014	1.32 (0.97, 1.80)	0.086
Milk intake	NA	NA	2	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Yogurt intake	NA	NA	1	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Cheese intake	0.0020	21.543	38	0.46 (0.39, 0.55)	3.73E-19	0.57 (0.47, 0.69)	8.65E-09	0.83 (0.33, 2.13)	0.704
Cereal intake	0.0012	16.373	27	0.45 (0.36, 0.57)	2.07E-11	0.49 (0.38, 0.63)	4.36E-08	0.58 (0.20, 1.64)	0.314
Non-oily fish intake	0.0002	13.416	5	2.41 (1.49, 3.91)	< 0.001	1.96 (1.06, 3.62)	0.033	13.70 (0.11, 1761.13)	0.368
Oily fish intake	0.0020	19.800	37	0.88 (0.76, 1.03)	0.122	0.89 (0.74, 1.08)	0.244	0.64 (0.32, 1.30)	0.227
Lamb intake	NA	NA	0	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Beef intake	0.0004	15.600	19	0.72 (0.56, 0.92)	0.001	0.80 (0.61, 1.05)	0.108	0.69 (0.25, 1.86)	0.470
Bread intake	0.0010	20.202	7	0.77 (0.49, 1.22)	0.271	0.57 (0.36, 0.91)	0.018	0.03 (0.00, 0.25)	0.022

SNPs: Single nucleotide polymorphisms; IVW: Inverse variance weighted; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; WM: Weighted median; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; NA: Not available.