Gut-targeted therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review

Table 2 Representative treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with intestinal microflora intervention

Name of the patent	Description	Ref.
Methods and compositions for microbial treatment and diagnosis of disorders	Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Clostridium acetobutylicum, from Roseburia intestinalis and the group consisting of any combination Species communities containing one or more microorganisms can be used to treat obesity or metabolic disorders such as T2DM	[32]
Methods and compositions relating to microbial treatment and diagnosis of disorders	The method comprising: Administering a therapeutically-effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a population of isolated and purified microbes, wherein at least one of said microbes comprises a microbe that encodes for an enzyme selected from the group consisting of: Butyrate kinase, butyrate coenzyme A, butyrate coenzyme A transferase, and any combination thereof, and a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier	[33]
Methods and compositions for treatment of microbiome-associated disorders	Methods and compositions for modulating short chain fatty acid production in a subject that increase production of butyrate in said subject. The population of isolated and purified microbes comprises a microbe that modulates neurotransmitter production in the subject	[34]
Bacteria engineered to treat metabolic diseases	The engineered bacteria comprise one or more gene(s) or gene cassette(s), for the production of molecules which, inter alia, act as metabolic and/or satiety effectors and/or modulators of the inflammatory status and/or are able to convert excess bile salts into non-toxic molecules	[35]

T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.