Spontaneous conus infarction with "snake-eye appearance" on magnetic resonance imaging: A case report and literature review

Table 1 Overview of reported cases of conus infarction

Ref.	Age/gender	Risk factors	Pathogeny/mechanism	Prognosis	MRI findings
					T2WI I high signal (Axial)	T2WI high signal (Sagittal)	DWI high signal	Involve centrum/muscle/ligament
Herrick et al[5]	84/M	NA	Aortic dissection aneurysm	Partial improvement, died of rupture of aortic dissection aneurysm on the 18th day of admission	NA	NA	NA	NA
	79/M	Heart failure	Aortic atherosclerosis	No improvement, died of acute myocardial infarction on the 25th day of admission	NA	NA	NA	NA
Anderson et al[6]	54/M	Coronary diseaseHeart failure	Aortic balloon pump implantation	Some improved strength in the legs before death 7 wk after the ictus	NA	NA	NA	NA
	75/M	Smoking	Repair operation of abdominal aortic aneurysm	Persistent urinary incontinence with some improvement in bowel function and in motor and sensory signs 16 mo after the ictus	NA	NA	NA	NA
	66/M	Smoking	Aortic atherosclerosis	Some functions recovered 2 mo after the ictus	NA	NA	NA	NA
	51/M	Smoking	NA	Persistent urinary incontinence with some functions recovered 28 mo after the ictus	NA	NA	NA	NA
	47/F	NA	NA	No improvement in 2 yr	NA	NA	NA	NA
Ohbu et al[7]	69/F	Hypertension	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Andrews et al[8]	71/F	NA	NA	Walking independently, mild hypoesthesia, but persistent urinary incontinence 2 mo after the ictus	NA	NA	NA	NA
Mhiri et al[9]	28/M	NA	Dural arteriovenous fistula	No improvement	NA	NA	NA	NA
Sinha et al[10]	63/M	HypertensionCoronary disease	Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)	persistent urinary incontinence 5 yr after the ictus	NA	NA	NA	NA
Greiner-Perth et al[11]	66/M	NA	NA	No improvement in 8 mo	NA	T12-L1	NA	NA
Combarros et al[12]	69/F	Hypertension	NA	The bladder function returned to normal and can walk with a walker 2 mo after the ictus	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wildgruber et al[13]	44/F	NA	Spinal venous thrombosis	Motor function recovered partially and leaving hypoesthesia 6 mo after the ictus	Bilateral anterior horn of gray matter (Snake-eye appearance)	T12-L1	NA	NA
Wong et al[14]	79/F	Coronary disease	Aortic atherosclerosis	Partial neurologic recovery	Bilateral gray matter and central white matter	T12-L1	Yes	NA
Konno et al[15]	77/F	Hypertension	Spinal venous thrombosis	Symptoms improved rapidly	Diffuse	L1	NA	Yes
Diehn et al[16]	24/M	NA	Fibrocartilage embolism	No improvement	Bilateral anterior horn of gray matter	T10-L1	NA	Yes
Alanazy[17]	48/M	NA	Overstretch	Walking resumed on day 105	Diffuse	T11-L1	NA	NA
Hor et al[18]	51/F	NA	NA	NA	Bilateral gray matter and central white matter	T12	NA	NA
Kamimura et al[19]	70/F	NA	Spinal venous thrombosis	Sensory disturbance improved, leaving numbness in the sellar area and urinary incontinence	Bilateral posterior funiculus, right posterior horn, right lateral funiculus	T12	NA	Yes
Weng et al[20]	55/M	Hyperlipidemia	Sofa sedentary	Calf muscle atrophy, perianal hypoesthesia and neurogenic bladder 3 yr after ictus	Bilateral anterior horn of gray matter	T11-12	Yes	Yes
	34/F	NA	Toilet sedentary	Calf muscle atrophy, perianal hypoesthesia and neurogenic bladder 4 yr after ictus	NA	T12	Yes	NA
Breitling et al[21]	52/M	NA	NA	Motor function recovered partially, leaving bladder and rectum dysfunction	Bilateral anterior horn of gray matter (Snake-eye appearance)	L1	NA	Yes

DWI: Diffusion-weighted imaging; NA: Not available.