Functional role of frontal electroencephalogram alpha asymmetry in the resting state in patients with depression: A review

Table 3 The comparison of methods in studies on frontal electroencephalogram alpha asymmetry of response to antidepressant treatment

Ref.	Sample		Age (yr)		Intervention time	% female	Diagnosis of depression	EEG detail
	Experimental group	Control group	Experimental group	Control group				Reference montage	EO/EC	Recording length (min)	Alpha range (Hz)
Arns et al[70], 2016	EG: 236 Escitalopram, 251 Sertraline, 235 Venlafaxine-XR	CG: 336 controls	M = 38.85 (Escitalopram), M = 38.34 (Sertraline), M = 38.46 (Venlafaxine-XR), M = 37.84 (MDD)	M = 36.99 (Controls)	8 wk	57.03	DSM–IV; MINI; HRSD	AM	E0+EC	2	8–13
Vinne et al[71], 2019	EG: 136 treatment with escitalo pram, 169 treatment with sertraline, 188 treatment with venlafaxine-extended release				8 wk	54.47	MINI; HRSD; VQIDS-SR	AM	E0+EC	4	8–13
Bares et al[72], 2019	EG: 57 SSRIs, 46 SNRIs		M = 46.04 (SSRIs), M = 44.83 (SNRIs)		1 wk	74.76	DSM IV; MADRS; CGI	Cz	EC	10	8–13
Szumska et al[73], 2021	EG: 12 Mindfulness group	CG: 8 control group	M = 32.40 (Mindfulness group)	M = 35.00 (Control group)	8 wk	55	CES-D; MINI	Cz	E0+EC	3	8–13
Keune et al[74], 2011	EG: 78 MDD; 40 MBCT group	CG: 37 a wait-list condition	M = 48.93 (MBCT group)	M = 45.24 (wait-list group)	8 wk	74.03	DSM-IV	AM	E0+EC	8	8--13
Barnhofer et al[75], 2007	EG: 10 MBCT	CG: 12 treatment-as-usual	M = 48.00 (MBCT)	M = 38.60 (treatment-as-usual)	8 wk	50	MINI	AE	E0+EC	8	8–13
Gollan et al[77], 2014	EG: 37 MDD; Behavioral activation	CG: 35 non-MDD			16 wk	62.50	DSM-IV; IDS-C	AM	E0+EC	8	8–13
Allen et al[14], 2004	EG: 30 nonpharmacological intervention				8 wk	100	DSM–IV; HRSD	Cz; AM, AR	E0+EC	8	8–13
Spronk et al[78], 2008	EG: 8 MDD; rTMS Treatment		M = 42.60 (rTMS Treatment)			37.50	BDI; SCI	AM	E0+EC	2	alpha 1 (8–11); alpha 2 (11–13)
Wang et al[80], 2016	EG: 7 neurofeedback group		M = 47.43		6 wk	78.57	DSM-IV	Cz	EC	5	8–12
Vlcek et al[79], 2020	EG: 9 LF rTMS responder	CG: 16 LF rTMS non-responders			4 wk	80	MINI; MADRS; CGI	Cz	EC	10	8–12; 8–10; 10–12

EC: Eyes closed; EO: Eyes open; EEG: Electroencephalogram; HCs: Healthy controls; LF rTMS: Low-frequency Rtms; MBCT: Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy; MDD: Major depressive disorder; rTMS: Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation; SNRIs: Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors; SSRIs: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

Diagnosis of depression: BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; CES-D: Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale; CGI: Clinical Global Impression; HRSD: Hamilton rating scale for depression; MADRS: Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale; IDS-C: Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology–Clinician-Rated; MINI: Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview; SCI: Structural clinical interview; VQIDS-SR: Very Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology–Self Report.

Reference montage: AM: Averaged mastoids; AR: Average reference; Cz: The midline central position.