Functional role of frontal electroencephalogram alpha asymmetry in the resting state in patients with depression: A review

Table 2 The comparison of methods in studies on asymmetry pattern at resting state of children inherited from generation to generation

Ref.	Sample		Age (yr)		% female	Diagnosis of depression	EEG detail
	Experimental group	Control group	Experimentalgroup	Control group			Reference montage	EO/EC	Recording length (min)	Alpha range (Hz)
Dawson et al[54], 1997	EG: 117 mothers and their 13-15-mo-old infants		13.74		44.4	DSM-IIIR; SCID; CES-D	ME		1	6–9
Diego et al[56], 2006	EG: 38 depressed	CG: 28 non-depressed	3-6 mo			CES-D	Cz			3–13
Field et al[57], 1995	EG: 17 depressed adolescent mothers	CG: 15 non-depressed mothers	3-6 mo		50	DISC; BDI	Cz		3	3–12
Jones et al[58], 1997	EG: 20 depressed group	CG: 24 non-depressed group	M = 18.00	M = 18.70		CES-D; SCID	Cz		3	2–6
Jones et al[59], 1998	EG: 35 mothers with depressive symptom	CG: 28 non-depressive symptom	M = 38.80	M = 39.50	48	CES-D	Cz		3	8.5–125
Tomarken et al[60], 2004	EG: 23 high risk	CG: 13 low risk	M = 13.10	M = 13.00	52.6	SCID	Cz	E0+EC	8	8.5–12.5
Lopez-Duran et al[61], 2012	EG: 90 high risk	CG: 45 low risk	M = 7.36	M = 7.93	46.6	DSM-IV; SCID	CA	E0+EC	3	7.5–11.5
Goodman et al[63], 2020	EG: 136 total infants.		M = 12 mo			DSM-IV	ARC		3	6–9
Wen et al[64], 2017	EG: 111 infants		6 mo of age (± 2 wk)			EPDS	Cz		2	6–9
Lusby et al[65], 2014	EG: 83 mother–infant dyads participated		3 mo and 6 mo only			DSM-IV	ARC		3	6–9
Dawson et al[69], 1992	EG: 31 infants		M = 14.21 (mo)		59.1	CES-D	Cz		1	6–9
Bruder et al[68], 2007	EG: 19 both parent and grandparent having MDD; 14 either parent or grandparent having MDD	CG: 16 neither having MDD	M = 15.40; M = 10.60	M = 13.60	53		LE	E0+EC	2	7–12.5

EC: Eyes closed; EO: Eyes open; EEG: Electroencephalogram; HCs: Healthy controls; MDD: Major depressive disorder.

Diagnosis of depression: BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; CES-D: Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale; DSM-IIIR: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third edition, Revised; DSM-IⅤ: 4^th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder; EPDS: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; SCID: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IIIR.

Reference montage: ARC: Average reference configuration; AS: Average signal; CA: Common average; Cz: The midline central position; LE: Linked ears reference; ME: Mastoid electrodes; NR: Nose reference.