Hyperlactemia associated with secondary hepatocellular carcinoma resection in relation to circulation stability and quality of recovery: A case report

Table 3 Etiology, treatment, and prognosis of hyperlactatemia associated with resection of secondary hepatic metastatic carcinoma

Causes of disease		Treatment	Prognosis
Excessive lactic acid production	Insufficient volume leading to inadequate tissue perfusion	Aggressive fluid replacement to improve tissue perfusion	Severe hyperlactatemia is associated with failure of all vital organs and is difficult to reverse with a poor prognosis
	Longer hepatic portal block, traumatic injury leading to ischemic reperfusion injury	Rehydration, potassium replacement, correction of acidosis
	Hypothermia	Insulation therapy
Decreased lactate clearance	Blockage of blood flow to the liver leading to a decrease in the liver's ability to remove lactic acid	Minimize hepatic portal block time, temperature protection	Severe hyperlactatemia is associated with cardiac surgery, epilepsy and other conditions where the primary condition can be reversed, and has a mild impact on patients with a good prognosis
	Impaired liver function associated with surgical resection	Hepatoprotective therapy
	Impaired kidney function	Maintain circulatory stability and rehydration