Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment progress of achalasia of cardia

doi:10.12998/wjcc.v11.i8.1741

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Mar 16, 2023 (publication date) through Jan 3, 2025

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World Journal of Clinical Cases

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2307-8960

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Clin Cases. Mar 16, 2023; 11(8): 1741-1752
Published online Mar 16, 2023. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i8.1741

Table 5 Pharmacotherapy for achalasia

Type	On behalf of drugs	Mechanism of action
Calcium channel blockers	Nifedipine	Inhibit L - type calcium channel, relax smooth muscle and empty esophagus
Nitrates	Carvasin	Increase NO in tissue and relax smooth muscle
Anticholinergic	Ceto bromide ammonium bromide	Relax smooth muscle
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors	Silaenafil	Prevent the degradation of NO and prolong the relaxation of esophageal smooth muscle

Citation: Li MY, Wang QH, Chen RP, Su XF, Wang DY. Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment progress of achalasia of cardia. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11(8): 1741-1752
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v11/i8/1741.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v11.i8.1741