Retroperitoneal and abdominal bleeding in anticoagulated COVID-19 hospitalized patients: Case series and brief literature review

Table 2 Characteristics of the reported cases

Characteristic	Patient 7	Patient 8	Patient 9	Patient 10	Patient 11
Age in yr	86	74	65	72	74
Sex	Male	Male	Male	Male	Male
Comorbidities	AH, IHD, PE, AF, PM, CKD	AH, IHD, AF	AH	AH, asthma	AH, IHD, diabetes mellitus, AF
Chronic anticoagulant/antiplatelet use	Acenocoumarol	Acenocoumarol	No	Rivaroxaban	Rivaroxaban
Clinical presentationat admission	Fever, asthenia, loss of appetite	Fever, asthenia	Fever, asthenia	Fever, cough	Fever, asthenia, cough, dyspnea
Duration of illness before admission (days)	4	7	7	12	7
SpO2 at admission (%)	88	80	75	70	90
Time from admission to bleeding (days)	10	19	12	10	11
Type of bleed	RSH, extraperitoneal	SRH	SRH	SRH	SRH and RSH
Signs and symptoms of bleed	Abdominal, back pain	Abdominal pain, low hemoglobin	Abdominal, back pain	Abdominal pain	Low hemoglobin, abdominal pain, asthenia, swelling (right)
Hemodynamic instability	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
Maximum O2 therapy prior to bleed	7 L, mask	CPAP 85%	15 L, mask	15 L, mask	12 L, mask
Pulmonary changes	Moderate	Severe	Severe	Moderate	Severe
Length of hospitalization (days)	17	31	20	10	18
Anticoagulation (prophylactic)	No	No	No	No	No
Anticoagulation therapeutic	LMWH 6000 IU, BID; Acenocumarol	ivHEP, LMWH 6000 IU, BID	LMWH 6000 IU, BID	ivHEP	ivHEP
Antiplatelet therapy	No	ASA, clopidogrel	ASA	ASA	ASA
Steroids	Methyl-prednisolone	Methyl-prednisolone	Methyl-prednisolone	Methyl-prednisolone	Methyl-prednisolone
Bioproduct units (pRBC/FFP)	None	5/6	0/2	No	4/2
Surgery	Yes	Yes (x 2)	No	No	Yes
Outcome	Discharged	Died	Discharged	Died	Discharged

AH: Arterial hypertension; IHD: Ischemic heart disease; AF: Atrial fibrillation; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PE: Pulmonary embolism; PM: Pace maker; ASA: Acetylsalicylic acid; RSH: Rectus sheath hematoma; SRH: Spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma; OTI: Orotracheal intubation; CPAP: Continuous positive airway pressure; ivHEP: Intravenous heparin; LMWH: Low molecular weight heparin; IU: International unit; BID: Twice daily; pRBC: Packed red blood cells; FFP: Fresh frozen plasma.