Metformin effect on internal carotid artery blood flow assessed by area under the curve of carotid artery Doppler in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome

Table 1 The primary biochemical, hormonal, and ultrasonic criteria at the initial visit, 3 mo and 6 mo later, with their statistical comparison

Parameter	First visit value, n = 54	2nd visit at 3 mo, n = 54	3rd visit at 6 mo, n = 54	P value
Cholesterol in mg/dL	384.19 ± 13.64	337.25 ± 18.40	276.82 ± 12.69	< 0.030
HDL in mg/dL	35.70 ± 3.78	48.70 ± 4.31	62.52 ± 4.09	< 0.001
LDL in mg/dL	203.22 ± 8.74	167.41 ± 12.26	132.33 ± 12.62	< 0.040
Fasting blood sugar in mg/dL	92.22 ± 1.80	90.93 ± 2.42	92.07 ± 2.43	0.071
HOMA-IR	2.26 ± 0.07	2.02 ± 0.10	1.74 ± 0.07	< 0.001
SHBG in nmol/L	29.52 ± 7.11	58.29 ± 8.25	81.74 ± 7.49	< 0.001
Testosterone in ng/dL	108.30 ± 8.29	79.74 ± 9.45	51.56 ± 7.96	< 0.010
LH / FSH_Ratio	2.62 ± 0.12	2.23 ± 0.15	1.76 ± 0.13	< 0.001
PI	1.41 ± 0.08	1.13 ± 0.07	0.89 ± 0.07	< 0.034
RI	0.89 ± 0.04	0.77 ± 0.05	0.62 ± 0.04	< 0.040
CIMT in mm	0.92 ± 0.03	0.79 ± 0.03	0.66 ± 0.03	< 0.001
AUC- ICA Doppler	56.44 ± 4.49	42.11 ± 4.06	31.29 ± 3.93	< 0.001

Data are presented as means ± standard deviation. BMI: Body mass index; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; SHBG: Sex hormone-binding globulin; FSH: Follicular stimulating hormone; LH: Luteinizing hormone; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; PI: Pulsatility index; RI: Resistance index; CIMT: Carotid artery intima-media thickness; AUC: Area under the curve; ICA: Internal carotid artery.