Type 2 diabetes mellitus characteristics affect hepatocellular carcinoma development in chronic hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis

Table 2 Cox regression analysis of factors related to hepatocarcinogenesis in the patients

Variable	Univariate		Multivariate
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Age in yr, > 65 vs ≤ 65	1.16 (0.63, 2.10)	0.649	1.38 (0.62, 3.11)	0.434
Sex, male vs female	4.37 (1.98, 9.64)	< 0.001	3.47 (1.36, 8.89)	0.010
Smoking status, yes vs no	1.97 (1.15, 3.38)	0.013	1.46 (0.61, 3.45)	0.394
Alcohol abuse status, yes vs no	1.83 (0.44, 2.55)	0.558	1.38 (0.80, 1.68)	0.008
Dyslipidemia, yes vs no	1.58 (0.30, 2.09)	0.090	0.80 (0.36, 1.79)	0.589
Diabetes mellitus, yes vs no	2.54 (1.41, 4.59)	0.002	6.73 (2.77, 16.36)	< 0.001
Ascites, yes vs no	2.68 (1.20, 5.98)	0.016	1.41 (0.31, 6.43)	0.660
Esophagogastric varices, yes vs no	1.20 (0.37, 3.87)	0.766	0.62 (0.13, 2.97)	0.552
AFP in ng/mL, > 20 vs ≤ 20	1.85 (0.98, 3.51)	0.059	3.89 (1.06, 14.27)	0.041
γ-GTP in U/L, per SD	1.24 (0.52, 2.14)	0.692	1.34 (0.75, 3.21)	0.530
HBsAg, > 2.0 log IU/mL vs ≤ 2.0 log IU/mL	1.74 (0.43, 2.28)	0.277	4.10 (1.52, 11.12)	0.005
HBV DNA, ≤ 20000 IU/mL vs > 20000 IU/mL	0.46 (0.20, 1.07)	0.072	1.09 (0.38, 3.15)	0.877
HBeAg positivity, yes vs no	0.59 (0.28, 1.28)	0.181	0.54 (0.20, 1.49)	0.236
Antiviral treatment, yes vs no	0.27 (0.16, 2.14)	0.365	0.74 (0.33, 1.67)	0.475

AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; CI: Confidence interval; HBeAg: Hepatitis B e-antigen; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HR: Hazard ratio; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; GTP: Guanosine triphosphate; HR: Hazard ratio.