Type 2 diabetes mellitus characteristics affect hepatocellular carcinoma development in chronic hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients

Characteristic	T2DM at baseline, n = 196	Non-T2DM at baseline, n = 216	P value
Age in yr	55 (50-62)	54 (49-62)	0.090
Female sex	69 (35.2)	72 (33.3)	0.690
Smoking status	98 (50.0)	125 (57.9)	0.114
Alcohol abuse status	76 (38.8)	74 (34.3)	0.358
Dyslipidemia	64 (32.7)	58 (26.9)	0.235
Ascites	9 (4.6)	15 (6.9)	0.400
Esophagogastric varices	6 (3.1)	12 (5.6)	0.238
PT	10.4 (9.6-11.3)	11.8 (10.8-14.1)	< 0.001
INR	0.94 (0.87-1.01)	1.05 (0.96-1.24)	< 0.001
AST in IU/mL	25 (20-38)	27 (20-45)	0.389
ALT in IU/mL	26 (19-34)	28 (20-44)	0.101
Platelet count as × 109/ L	177 (132-203)	161 (112-207)	0.105
AFP in ng/mL	1.24 (0.56-20.83)	2.36 (1.53-25.00)	0.761
GGT in U/L	29 (17-58)	33 (19-80)	0.062
Total bilirubin in μmol/L	15.0 (10.5-18.5)	15.1 (11.1-24.9)	0.096
Albumin in g/L	39.7 (33.1-42.8)	37.8 (32.3-41.0)	0.090
MELD score	6 (5-8)	6 (5-10)	0.191
HBsAg in log IU/mL	2.50 (1.91-2.68)	2.64 (2.22-2.69)	0.104
HBV DNA in IU/mL	19500 (1260-234000)	23850 (8738-329000)	0.936
Creatinine in µmol/L	60 (52-74)	61 (50-74)	0.379
HBeAg positivity	50 (25.5)	56 (24.1)	0.727
Antiviral treatment	137 (69.9)	144 (66.7)	0.526
Duration of T2DM in yr
0-2.0	44 (22.4)
2.1-5.0	42 (21.4)
5.1-10.0	52 (26.5)
> 10.0	58 (29.6)
T2DM treatment
Metformin ± sulfonylurea	112 (57.1)
Insulin ± sulfonylurea	50 (25.5)
Diet alone	34 (17.3)

AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; HBeAg: Hepatitis B e-antigen; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; INR: International normalized ratio; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; PT: Prothrombin time; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.