Phlebosclerosis: An overlooked complication of varicose veins that affects clinical outcome: A case report

Figure 5 Phlebosclerosis: pathological examination of the vein resembling a wooden rod. A: The cross-section of the vein during surgery shows venous fibrosis, calcification, and thickening of the vein wall. Extensive collagen deposition is observed on the vein wall, with hyaline degeneration and venous sclerosis causing closure of the venous lumen (× 40 magnification); B: × 100 magnification; C: Calcification in the venous lumen and inflammatory cell infiltration in the venous wall (× 100 magnification).