Balloon venoplasty for disdialysis syndrome due to pacemaker-related superior vena cava syndrome with chylothorax post-bacteraemia: A case report

Figure 6 Digital subtraction venography before and after venoplasty. A: Balloon venoplasty for the superior vena cava (SVC); B: Digital subtraction venography (DSV) from the SVC after venoplasty; C: DSV from the left forearm after venoplasty. The red dashed arrow indicates the dislodged right ventricular lead. The red arrow shows the bent right atrium (RA) lead caused by balloon expansion; the blood moved directly into the RA; The blue arrow shows the direction of the blood flow. Some blood flowed into the collateral circulation in the abdominal wall; The yellow arrow shows the jugular venous reflux.