Balloon venoplasty for disdialysis syndrome due to pacemaker-related superior vena cava syndrome with chylothorax post-bacteraemia: A case report

Figure 5 Digital subtraction venography before venoplasty. A: Digital subtraction venography (DSV) for the superior vena cava (SVC); B: DSV from the left forearm. Red arrow indicates the SVC occlusion site; One asterisk represents the azygos vein; Two asterisks represent the right ventricle; Yellow arrow indicates an occluded innominate vein; Red dashed line represents a non-contrasted left internal jugular vein.