Analysis of the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation for patients with chronic mental illness: A meta-analysis

Table 1 Characteristics of included study

No.	Ref.	Intervention	Evaluation		Experimental group			Control group
					Pre (mean ± SD)	Post (mean ± SD)	Subjects (W/M)	Pre (mean ± SD)	Post (mean ± SD)	Subjects (W/M)
1	Song et al[25]	Rehacom	CNT	Memory	31.8 ± 6.2	36.4 ± 5.8	4/6	30.3 ± 5.1	31.2 ± 5.3	4/6
				Attention	36.9 ± 7.6	50.9 ± 32.8		41.3 ± 9.8	60.5 ± 36.1
2	Kim and Kim et al[24]	Visuospatial Rehabilitation	RCFT	Memory	11.5 ± 5.7	14.6 ± 6.1	8/6	12.3 ± 9.9	12.3 ± 9.9	8/7
			Stroop	Executive Function	33 ± 6.5	37.4 ± 7.1		34.7 ± 10.3	34.5 ± 12.7
			WCST	Attention	44.1 ± 30.7	33.2 ± 23.9		9.5 ± 4.4	11.3 ± 4.3
3	Pijnenborg et al[28]	REFLEX/CRT	QUID-Sr	Depression	4.1 ± 1.7	3.7 ± 1.9	59	3.8 ± 1.8	3.7 ± 1.9	62
			MANSA	Quality of life	58.179.2	58.8 ± 9.3		58.1 ± 9.9	56.9 ± 10.7
4	Iwata et al[22]	CogPack	BACSJ	Memory	0.2 ± 0.8	0.6 ± 0.8	22/7	-0.2 ± 1.1	0.1 ± 1.1	23/8
				Attention	0.1 ± 1	0.5 ± 1		-0.1 ± 1	0.1 ± 1.1
				Execution function	0.1 ± 1.1	0.3 ± 0.7		-0.1 ± 0.9	-0.1 ± 0.9
			LASMI	Social skill	14.1 ± 5.5	9.7 ± 5.4		14.5 ± 7.4	14.3 ± 7.5
5	Kim[26]	Group art therapy	ATQ-N	Depression	14 ± 5.3	11.7 ± 5.4	3/5	15.1 ± 4.9	15.6 ± 5.6	3/5
6	Salomonsson et al[29]	CBT	MADRS-S	Depression	15.6 ± 6.7	13.6 ± 8.3	58/23	14.6 ± 7.2	10.6 ± 7.3	51/29
7	Jung and Oh[23]	Group art therapy	BES	Memory	22.8 ± 2.5	24.6 ± 2.9	8/4	23.2 ± 2.9	22.4 ± 1.9	5/7
				Attention
				Executive Function
8	Twamley et al[30]	CCT	SSPA	Social Skills	4.1 ± 0.63	3.9 ± 0.11	34/43	4.2 ± 0.7	4 ± 0.1	32/44
			QOLI	Quality of life	4 ± 1.5	4.8 ± 0.2		4.1 ± 1.38	3.8 ± 0.2
			Ham-D	Depression	12.9 ± 6.9	10.4 ± 1.2		13 ± 6.8	14.9 ± 1.3
9	Lee et al[33]	Cognitive behavioral social skills Training	WHOQOL-BREF	Quality of life	6 ± 1.2	7.6 ± 1.2	5/3	6.7 ± 2.2	6 ± 2	7/5
10	Kim and Cho[27]	CBT	MHCS	Depression	3 ± 0.51	3.5 ± 0.6	6/7	3.2 ± 0.5	3.2 ± 0.7	5/8
			RCS	Social skill	2.9 ± 0.6	3.4 ± 0.6		3 ± 0.7	3.1 ± 0.7
11	Kingston et al[32]	Reasoning and Rehabilitation 2	CSS-M	Social skill	36.4 ± 11.6	29.7 ± 14.1	48	35.6 ± 14.6	35.9 ± 15.2	49
12	Hyun[31]	Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy	Social skills scale	Social skills	39.1 ± 10.2	37.5 ± 9.6	13/13	39.7 ± 9.4	39.3 ± 9	15/11

CNT: Computer assisted cognitive rehabilitation; RCFT: Rey-osterrieth complex figure test; WCST: Wisconsin card sorting test; QUID-Sr: The Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report; MANSA: The self-rating Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life; BACSJ: Brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia-Japane; LASMI: Life Assessment Scale for Mentally; ATQ-N: Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire-Negative; MADRS-S: Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale; BES: Basic Empathy Scale; CCT: Compensatory cognitive training; SSPA: Social Skills Performance Assessmen; QOLI: Quality of life interview; HAM-D: Hamilton depression rating scale; WHOQOL-BREF: World Health Organization Quality of Lif-BREF; CBT: Cognitive-behavior therapy; MHCS: Mental health confidence scale; RCS: Relationship change scale; CSS-M: The criminal sentiments scale-modified.