Efficacy and safety of propofol target-controlled infusion combined with butorphanol for sedated colonoscopy

Figure 3 The mean arterial pressure and heart rate at different time points during the procedures in each group are shown. A: The mean arterial pressure at different time points during the procedures in each group; B: The heart rate at different time points during the procedures in each group. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were examined at the following four time points: prior to anesthesia (T0), immediately after consciousness disappeared in response to induction of anesthesia (T1), when the colonoscope reached the ileocecal region (T2), and when consciousness was regained (T3). The MAP represents the average arterial pressure throughout one cardiac cycle, with a normal range of 70-110 mmHg. The MAP values at time points T1 and T2 were significantly lower in group C, when compared to groups B1 and B2 (P < 0.05). The HR value at time point of T1 was significantly lower in group C, when compared to groups B1 and B2 (P < 0.05).