Soft tissue tuberculosis detected by next-generation sequencing: A case report and review of literature

Table 1 Main features of reported cases of soft tissue tuberculosis

Ref.	Gender/age (yr)	Country	Underlying disease	Main clinical manifestations	Involved sites	Diagnostic methods
Arora et al[38], 2012	Male/15	India	None	Swelling, anorexia, weight loss	Left thigh	Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture
Lee et al[39], 2013	Male/62	Korea	Right total hip arthroplasty	Mass	Right thigh	Histological examination, and culture
Elshafie et al[40], 2013	Male/25	Oman	Exposed to suspected tuberculosis, diarrhea	Enlarging swelling	Right gluteus	Histological examination, and culture
Neogi et al[41], 2013	Female/11	India	None	Swelling	Right thigh, right calf, and left arm	Histological examination, and culture
Meena et al[42], 2015	Male/25	India	None	Swelling, fatigue, weight loss	Right triceps	Mycobacterium tuberculosis PCR
Dhakal et al[43], 2015	Female/9	Nepal	None	Swelling	Forearm, right calf	Histological examination
Sbai et al[44], 2016	Male/45	Tunisia	None	Pain, swelling	Right wrist	Tissue biopsy and culture
Al-khazraji et al[45], 2017	Female/33	America	Lupus nephritis, hormonal therapy	Pain, weakness, swelling, redness	Right calf	Fluid culture
Alaya et al[46], 2017	Female/23	Tunisia	None	Swelling, pain	Left thigh	Mycobacterium tuberculosis PCR
Manicketh et al[25], 2018	Female/55	India	Pulmonary tuberculosis	Swelling, fever	Left wrist and right calf	A Ziehl-Nielsen stain
Hashimoto et al[27], 2018	Male/79	Japan	None	Swelling, erythema	Left wrist	Histological examination
Zeng et al[4], 2019	Male/49	China	Pulmonary tuberculosis; steroid treatment	Pain, mass, swelling	Both thighs and calves	Mycobacterium tuberculosis PCR, Tissue biopsy and culture
Zitouna et al[47], 2019	Female/42	Tunisia	None	Mass, swelling	Right mid-back	Tissue biopsy and culture
Moyano et al[48], 2019	Male/29	Senegal	None	Pain, increase in size of hemithorax	Right hemithorax	Mycobacterium tuberculosis PCR and culture
Fahad et al[28], 2020	Female/45	Pakistan	None	Swelling, pain	Right forearm	Histological examination
Murugesh et al[49], 2020	Male/31	India	Renal transplant with immuno-suppressants	Fever, pain, swollen erythematous	Right foot and calf	Nucleic acid amplification test
Tone et al[26], 2021	Male/29	Japan	Right tuberculous pleurisy	Fever, pain	Right iliopsoas	Mycobacterium tuberculosis PCR

PCR: Polymerase chain reaction.