Reference values of gait parameters in healthy Chinese university students: A cross-sectional observational study

Figure 3 Joint angle, moment and power of knee. A: Angle of knee flexion and extension movements in males and females, with the horizontal axis representing a complete gait cycle and the vertical axis representing the angles of flexion and extension. Positive values indicated flexion, whereas negative values indicated extension. Statistical Parametric Mapping compared the differences between males and females throughout the complete gait cycle, and differences with P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant; B: Angle of knee adduction and abduction movements for males and females, with the horizontal axis representing a complete gait cycle, and the vertical axis representing the angles of adduction and abduction. Positive values indicate adduction, whereas negative values indicate abduction; C: Angle of knee internal and external rotation movements for males and females, with the horizontal axis representing a complete gait cycle, and the vertical axis representing the angles of internal and external rotation. Positive values indicate internal rotation, whereas negative values indicate external rotation; D: Flexor and extensor moments of the knee joint for males and females, with the horizontal axis representing a complete gait cycle, and the vertical axis representing the magnitude of the moment. Positive values represent extensor moment, whereas negative values represented the flexor moment; E: Valgus and varus moments of the knee joint for males and females, with the horizontal axis representing a complete gait cycle, and the vertical axis representing the magnitude of the moment. Positive values represent valgus moment, whereas negative values represent varus moment; F: Knee power in males and females, with the horizontal axis representing a complete gait cycle, and the vertical axis representing the magnitude of power. Positive values represent power generation, whereas negative values represent power absorption. SPM: Statistical parametric mapping.