Reference values of gait parameters in healthy Chinese university students: A cross-sectional observational study

Figure 2 Joint angle, moment and power of hip. A: Angle of hip flexion and extension movements in males and females, with the horizontal axis representing a complete gait cycle and the vertical axis representing the angles of flexion and extension. Positive values indicated flexion, whereas negative values indicated extension. Statistical Parametric Mapping compared the differences between males and females throughout the complete gait cycle, and differences with P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant; B: Angle of hip adduction and abduction movements in males and females, with the horizontal axis representing a complete gait cycle and the vertical axis representing the angles of adduction and abduction. Positive values indicated adduction, whereas negative values indicated abduction; C: Angle of hip internal and external rotation movements for males and females, with the horizontal axis representing a complete gait cycle and the vertical axis representing the angles of internal and external rotation. Positive values indicated internal rotation, whereas negative values indicated external rotation; D: Flexor and extensor moments of the hip joint for males and females, with the horizontal axis representing a complete gait cycle and the vertical axis representing the magnitude of the moment. Positive values represented the extensor moment, whereas negative values represented the flexor moment; E: Abductor and adductor moments of the hip joint for males and females, with the horizontal axis representing a complete gait cycle and the vertical axis representing the magnitude of the moment. Positive values represent abductor moments, whereas negative values represent adductor moments; F: Hip power in males and females, with the horizontal axis representing a complete gait cycle and the vertical axis representing the magnitude of power. Positive values represent power generation whereas negative values represent power absorption. SPM: Statistical parametric mapping.