Mechanism and recent updates on insulin-related disorders

Figure 3 Important molecular functions of endothelial cells and the link between obesity-induced inflammation and endothelial dysfunction[74]. MMP2: Matrix metalloproteinase 2; PGI2: Prostacyclin; IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor-1;ROS: Reactive oxygen species; FGF: Fibroblast growth factor; tPA: Tissue plasminogen activator; TFPI: Tissue factor pathway inhibitor; EGF: Epidermal growth factor; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-β; PDGF: Platelet-derived growth factor; VCAM: Vascular cell adhesion molecule; ICAM: Intercellular adhesion molecule; ET-1: Endothelin-1; PAF: Platelet activating factor; vWF: von Willebrand factor; TXA2: Thromboxane A2; NO: Nitric oxide.