Mechanism and recent updates on insulin-related disorders

Figure 2 Schematic representation showing downstream signaling events in cross-talk between adiponectin signal transduction and insulin signaling pathway[67]. IRS: Insulin receptor substrate; APPL1: Adaptor protein containing a pleckstrin homology domain, phosphotyrosine binding domain, and leucine zipper motif; PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; ACO: Asthma-COPD overlap; GLUT: Glucose transporter; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase; PDK: Phosphoinositide-dependent kinases; PKB: Protein kinase B; eNOS: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase; IKK: IkappaB kinase; NF-κB: Nuclear transcription factor-kappa B; PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10.