Research progress on reactive oxygen species production mechanisms in tumor sonodynamic therapy

Figure 3 Schematic representation of construction ofα-Fe₂O₃@Pt nanosonosensitizers and catalytic oxygen generation-enhanced SDT against cancer. A, G: Schematic diagram of action mechanism of α-Fe₂O₃@Pt nanoparticles and synthetic method ofα- Fe₂O₃@Pt; B: The relative cell viability of Fe₂O₃ and α- Fe₂O₃@Pt with or without ultrasound under normoxic and hypoxic conditions; C and D: Qualitative and quantitative analysis of ROS by flow cytometer produced by α- Fe₂O₃@Pt; E: Fluorescence image stained with calcein AM (green, live cells) and PI (Propidium iodide, red, dead cells); F: The flow cytometer apoptosis assay staining with PI and Annexin-FTIC; H: Mechanism diagram of O₂ and ROS produced by α- Fe₂O₃@Pt; I: Flow chart of in vivo study experiment; J-M: The variations of d body weight,relative tumor volume, tumor weight and tumor images of mice from different groups after sacrificing the mice on the 14^th day. Citation: Zhang T, Zheng Q, Fu Y, Xie C, Fan G, Wang Y, Wu Y, Cai X, Han G, Li X. α-Fe₂O₃@Pt heterostructure particles to enable sonodynamic therapy with self-supplied O₂ and imaging-guidance. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19(1): 358. Copyright © The Author(s) 2021. Published by BioMed Central Ltd. US: Ultrasound; Fe₂O₃: Ferric oxide; Pt: Platinum; FP:α-Fe₂O₃@Pt; ¹O₂: Singlet oxygen; O₂: Oxygen; H₂O₂: Hydrogen peroxide; ROS: Reactive oxygen species.