Research progress on reactive oxygen species production mechanisms in tumor sonodynamic therapy

Figure 2 Schematic representation of construction of PMR nanosonosensitizers and catalytic oxygen generation-enhanced sonodynamic therapy against cancer. A: Detailed steps for preparation of PMR nanosonosensitizers; B: Scheme of MnOx was used as the catalase-like nanoenzyme for the generation of O₂ and further generation of ¹O₂ under ultrasonic irradiation; C: Confocal laser scanning microscope observation of the production of ROS after various treatment and flow cytometry analysis of cancer cells apoptosis after various treatments; D: Tumor-volume changes after varied treatments; E: Corresponding photographic images of tumor at the end of different treatments. Citation: Zhu P, Chen Y, Shi J. Nanoenzyme-Augmented Cancer Sonodynamic Therapy by Catalytic Tumor Oxygenation. ACS Nano 2018; 12(4): 3780-3795. Copyright © 2018, American Chemical Society. Published by ACS Publication. SDT: Sonodynamic therapy; MnOx: Manganese oxide; H₂O₂: Hydrogen peroxide; US: Ultrasound; ¹O₂: Singlet oxygen; O₂: Oxygen; PpIX: Protoporphyrin; PMR: PpIX@HMONs-MnOx-RGD; PR: Protoporphyrin.