Copyright
©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Clin Cases. Aug 6, 2023; 11(22): 5252-5272
Published online Aug 6, 2023. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i22.5252
Published online Aug 6, 2023. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i22.5252
Table 4 Risk factors of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 disease-induced gastrointestinal autonomic dysfunction
| 1 Severe disease |
| 2 Presence of hyperinflammation and hypoxia |
| 3 Longer duration of disease |
| 4 Old age |
| 5 Down-regulation of the IKBKAP gene |
| 6 Up-regulation of N-type calcium channels |
| 7 Presence of smell loss or dyspnoea |
| 8 Presence of comorbidities characterized by high sympathetic activity, such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension |
- Citation: Elbeltagi R, Al-Beltagi M, Saeed NK, Bediwy AS. COVID-19-induced gastrointestinal autonomic dysfunction: A systematic review. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11(22): 5252-5272
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v11/i22/5252.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v11.i22.5252