Time usage analysis and satisfaction comparison by occupational area according to the sex of single-parent families

Table 4 Time usage in minutes by occupational area according to sex

Area	Males, n = 134	Females, n = 270	Male-female	t
	mean ± SD	mean ± SD
ADLs	183.73 ± 49.47	187.93 ± 57.07	-4.2	-0.726
Eating	111.42 ± 38.39	106.22 ± 43.62	5.2	1.116
Personal maintenance	72.31 ± 31.17	81.7 ± 38.23	-9.39	-2.465a
IADLs	219.78 ± 125.57	318.89 ± 141.55	-99.11	-6.873c
Locomotion	99.03 ± 74.22	91.81 ± 71.79	7.22	0.94
Home management	85.22 ± 81.26	166.04 ± 110.17	-80.82	-7.533c
Care of family and members	34.78 ± 52.3	48.3 ± 74.78	-13.52	-1.877
Other	0.75 ± 8.64	12.74 ± 45.14	-11.99	-3.046b
Health management	9.48 ± 41.39	6.74 ± 22.45	2.74	0.861
Personal medical care	9.48 ± 41.39	6.74 ± 22.45	2.74	0.861
Rest and sleep	489.1 ± 95.94	506.11 ± 116.96	-17.01	-1.457
Rest	18.36 ± 33.94	10.44 ± 19.04	7.92	2.998b
Sleep	470.75 ± 98.63	495.67 ± 116.24	-24.92	-2.13a
Education	1.64 ± 13.39	13.04 ± 61.52	-11.4	-2.118a
School activities	0 ± 0	0.89 ± 14.61	-0.89	-0.704
Out-of-school learning	1.64 ± 13.39	12.15 ± 58.13	-10.51	-2.064a
Work	301.72 ± 243.18	190.22 ± 208.29	111.5	4.786c
Paid work	286.27 ± 235.17	180.44 ± 202.88	105.83	4.677c
Unpaid work	-	-
Volunteer work	0 ± 0	1.26 ± 12.7	-1.26	-1.147
Job-seeking activity	0.45 ± 5.18	1 ± 9.8	-0.55	-0.611
Other	15 ± 32.14	7.52 ± 20.44	7.48	2.84c
Leisure	202.01 ± 162.91	172.74 ± 134.54	29.27	1.917
Cultural and tourism activities	7.24 ± 35.91	3.81 ± 19.24	3.43	1.248
Sports and leisure sports	25.82 ± 52.76	19.85 ± 51.89	5.97	1.083
Leisure activities using media	143.51 ± 144.36	137.52 ± 124	5.99	0.432
Game and play	10.22 ± 32.59	6.19 ± 21.98	4.03	1.471
Other	15.22 ± 44.48	5.37 ± 28.68	9.85	2.686b
Social participation	32.54 ± 41.25	44.33 ± 49.6	-11.79	-2.375a
Relationship activities	20.15 ± 37.32	32.48 ± 45.37	-12.33	-2.722b
Participating activities	12.39 ± 19.36	11.85 ± 19.02	0.54	0.265

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001.

ADLs: Activities of daily living; IADLs: Instrumental activities of daily living; SD: Standard deviation.