Menstrual cycle abnormalities in women with inflammatory bowel disease and effects of biological therapy on gynecological pathology

Table 2 Anti-tumor necrosis factor and gynecology in animal studies

Ref.	Title	Animal	Main findings
Kaplan and Türk[9], 2020	Adalimumab Increases Follicle Reserve and Follicle Development in Rat Ovary: The Effect of Adalimumab on Ovarian Reserve	Rats	(1) Ovarian follicle count and AMH level were significantly higher in the groups given adalimumab; and (2) Fibrosis decreased proportionally to the dose of adalimumab
Beyazit et al[8], 2019	Adalimumab mitigates ovarian ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats by regulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, and resolution of inflammation	Rats	(1) Total oxidant status of the tissue, the oxidative stress index, and the values of nitric oxide were significantly decreased, and the total antioxidant status of the tissue was found to increase in the group receiving adalimumab; (2) Inflammation, vascular congestion, and hemorrhagia were significantly lower in adalimumab-treated group; and (3) Adalimumab treatment significantly decreased the apoptotic index
Kaplan et al[10], 2022	The effects of adalimumab on the rat autotransplantation endometriosis model: A placebo-controlled randomized study	Rats	After adalimumab treatment, the average size of the endometriotic implant decreased compared to the control group
Falconer et al[33], 2006	Treatment with anti-TNF monoclonal antibody (c5N) reduces the extent of induced endometriosis in the baboon	Baboon	Significant reductions in total surface area, estimated total volume of endometriotic lesions, and both number and surface area of red lesions were observed after infliximab treatment, but not after placebo treatment

TNF: Tumor necrosis factor.