Manipulation of the intestinal microbiome-a slow journey to primetime

Table 3 Factors influencing donor microbiome engraftment

Host-related factors	Donor-related factors	Procedure-related factors
Chronic dysbiosis state[94,95]	Donor genetics	Preconditioning of the gut: Various diets, fermented foods, prebiotics, probiotics, steroids and phage therapy[100]
Host immunity state, determined by the host genetics[98], creates a hostile "hostile" microbiota environment	‘Super-donors’[102]	Treatment-related protocols: Single donor vs multi-donors, route of administration of FMT (upper GI vs lower GI), the total number of FMT treatments administered (one to repeated), FMT preparation (anaerobic vs aerobic)[101]
	Donor species richness of microbiome[99]	Industry microbiota suspensions[106]
	Donor microbiota stability and species evenness[103]

FMT: Fecal microbiota transplantation; GI: Gastrointestinal.