Probiotics and autoprobiotics for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection

Table 4 Probiotics plus eradication therapy: Assessment of probiotic action against H. pylori: Results for Saccharomyces boulardii probiotics

Ref.	Patient characteristics	Type of eradication therapy	Type of probiotic	Results
Seddik et al[63], 2019	199 patients (51.3% males; mean age 44.6 ± 13.6 years)	Standard sequential therapy	Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745	(1) Eradication rate in the probiotic group - 86%, in placebo group – 74.7% (P = 0.02); and (2) Incidence of adverse events in probiotic group - 17%, in placebo group – 55.7% (P < 0.001)
He et al[64], 2019	300 H. pylori-infected patients	Bismuth quadruple therapy	Saccharomyces boulardii	(1) Eradication rate in probiotic group-90.4%, in placebo group-89.0% (P = 0.87); and (2) The overall incidence of adverse reactions and the incidence of diarrhea and nausea in the probiotic group was lower than those in the quadruple group (P < 0.05)
Zhao et al[65], 2014	240 children with a confirmed diagnosis of H. pylori infection	14-d standard triple therapy	Saccharomyces boulardii	(1) The eradication rate was 75.8% in the triple therapy group and 85% in the probiotic group (P > 0.05); and (2) The incidence of stomatitis, constipation, and diarrhea was significantly lower in probiotic group (P < 0.05)
Chang et al[43], 2019	122 patients with infections not resistant to clarithromycin: Triple therapy only (group A, n=61), triple therapy plus probiotics (group B, n = 61)	Clarithromycin-based triple therapy	Saccharomyces boulardii	(1) The eradication rates were similar among the groups both in the intention-to-treat (A = 85.2%, B = 89.6%) and per-protocol (A = 89.2%, B = 86.8%) analyses; and (2) The frequencies of overall adverse events in the groups also did not differ (A vs B: P = 0.574)