Probiotics and autoprobiotics for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection

Table 3 Probiotics plus eradication therapy: Assessment of probiotic action against H. pylori: Results for Lactobacillus spp. probiotics

Ref.	Patient characteristics	Type of eradication therapy	Type of probiotic	Results
Poonyam et al[56], 2019	100 subjects were enrolled (72 females, 28 males, mean age = 54 years)	PPI and bismuth-containing quadruple therapy	Lactobacillus reuteri (Biogaia®) in tablets twice daily	(1) Eradication rates with probiotic/placebo were 68%/72% of 7-d regimens and 96%/88% of 14-d regimens; and (2) The incidence of adverse effects was significantly lower in patients in probiotics group
Yang et al[57], 2021	200 treatment-naive H. pylori-positive adult patients	14-d standard triple therapy	Lactobacillus reuteri DSM17648	(1) Eradication rate in the probiotic group - 81.8%, in placebo group-83.7% (P = 0.730); and (2) Probiotic helps improve the microbial profile and reduce the frequency of abdominal distention and diarrhea
Zhu et al[58], 2017	416 children with H. pylori infection	Standard triple therapy, sequential treatment	Lactobacillus	Eradication rate: Sequential group -80.4%, triple group-74%, sequential Lactobacillus group-90.8%, triple Lactobacillus group -88.6%
Francavilla et al[59], 2014	100 H. pylori-positive naive patients	Standard triple therapy	L. reuteri combination (2 × 10 colony-forming units) or placebo during a 3-phase study (pre-eradication, eradication, and follow-up)	(1) Eradication rate was 75% in L. reuteri combination and 65.9% in placebo (P = NS); (2) Significantly less patients in L. reuteri combination as compared with placebo-reported side effects (40.9% vs 62.8%; P < 0.04); and (3) An abnormal gastrin-17 value was found in patients receiving placebo as compared with L. reuteri combination (28% vs 12%; P < 0.02)
Moreno Márquez et al[60], 2022	80 patients	Bismuth-containing quadruple eradication therapy	Lactobacillus reuteri strains (DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 6475)	(1) Eradication therapy was effective in 85 % of patients, with no differences between treatment arms; and (2) Treatment with L. reuteri only reduced abdominal pain and distension (P < 0.001)
Du et al[61], 2012	234 gastritis patients	Clarithromycin-based triple therapy	Lactobacillus acidophilus 3 × 107	Administration of probiotics before or after standard triple therapy may improve H. pylori eradication rates
Naghibzadeh et al[62], 2022	Quadruple therapy plus L. reuteri (52 patients); Quadruple therapy only (52 patients)	Quadruple therapy: Proton pomp inhibitor, bismuth subcitrate, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin	Lactobacillus reuteri DSMZ 17648	Eradication rate in probiotic group-92.3%, in control group - 86.5%