Combined medial patellofemoral ligament and medial patellotibial ligament reconstruction in recurrent patellar instability: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 4 Description of eligible studies evaluating combined medial patellofemoral and patellotibial ligament reconstruction in recurrent patellar dislocation regarding patellar tilt angle, patellar shift, insall–salvati ratio, and modified insall–salvati ratio

ID	Ref.	Year1	Type of study	Country	N	Mean age	Male/female	Patellar tilt angle			Patellar shift, mm			Insall–Salvati ratio			Modified Insall–Salvati ratio
								Preop2	12 mo3	24 mo4	Preop	12 mo3	24 mo4	Preop	12 mo3	24 mo4	Preop	12 mo3	24 mo4
1	Maffulli et al[24]	2020	Prospective cohort	Italy	34	26.5 ± 10.7	21:8							1.1		1.1
2	Yang et al[15]	2019	Prospective	China	58	22.6 ± 4.9	21:8	19.1 ± 7.2	11.5 ± 5.6	11.3 ± 5.2	6.2 ± 2.1	1.2 ± 0.6	1.1 ± 0.7	1.49 ± 0.22	1.39 ± 0.23	1.37 ± 0.19	2.25 ± 0.18	1.95 ± 0.22	1.95 ± 0.25
3	Hetsroni et al[10]	2019	-	Israel	20	18 ± 2	21:8
4	Sadigursky et al[19]	2017	Case series	Brazil	7	11.28 ± 1.49	21:8
5	Sobhy et al[22]	2013	Prospective	Egypt	29	20.1 ± 3	21:8	10.9 ± 1.7		2.45 ± 2.2

¹Year of publication.

²Preoperative.

³12-mo follow-up.

⁴24 & > 24-mo follow-up.