Application of advanced platelet-rich fibrin for through-and-through bony defect during endodontic surgery: Three case reports and review of the literature

Figure 2 Periapical endodontic surgery on the maxillary left second premolar using advanced platelet-rich fibrin membrane. A: The cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) shows localized radiolucency surrounding the apex of the maxillary left second premolar in the sagittal section. There is a thin layer of the labial bone surrounding the apex and a displaced sinus periosteum upward which is a typical feature of periapical osteoperiostitis in the sagittal section. The root canal treatment appears to be adequate with a uniform density; B: The CBCT shows bony healing of the resected area within four months and a normal appearance of the maxillary sinus; C: A clinical photo of the labial bone before root resection; D: A clinical photo of the bony defect after resection shows a hollow space adjacent to the maxillary sinus; E: The platelet-rich fibrin membrane is used to seal the bony defect.