Application of advanced platelet-rich fibrin for through-and-through bony defect during endodontic surgery: Three case reports and review of the literature

Figure 1 Bone regeneration using advanced platelet-rich fibrin membrane in through-and-through bony defects following periapical endodontic surgery on the maxillary right second premolar. A: The cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) shows localized radiolucency surrounding the apex of maxillary right second premolar. The lesion is perforating the labial cortical bone and displaced sinus periosteum upward which is a typical feature of periapical osteoperiostitis. The root canal treatment appears to be overextended with a uniform density; B: The CBCT shows bony healing of the resected area within four months; C: A clinical photo of the resected root; D: A clinical photo of the MTA retro-filling; E: The platelet-rich fibrin membrane handled using a tweezer and placed to seal the bony defect.