Elabela is a reliable biomarker for predicting early onset preeclampsia: A comparative study

Table 1 Demographic criteria of the study participants (n = 90)

Variable	Control (n = 30), mean ± SD	P value	Late-PE (n = 30), mean ± SD	Early-PE (n = 30), mean ± SD	P value
Age (yr)	26.53 ± 1.18	0.39 NS	28.33 ± 1.34	28.67 ± 0.99	0.39 NS
BMI (kg/m2)	24.93 ± 0.34	0.77 NS	26.19 ± 0.29	26.96 ± 3.42	0.77 NS
Gestational age (wk)	34.93 ± 0.20b	0.0001	36.30 ± 0.19a	30.70 ± 0.34c	0.0001
Systolic BP (mmHg)	106.00 ± 1.48b	0.0001	152.33 ± 1.71a	152.33 ± 1.64a	0.0001
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	82.67 ± 1.85b	0.0001	103.00 ± 1.80a	102.66 ± 1.79a	0.0001
Mean arterial BP (MAP)	90.44 ± 1.21b	0.0001	119.44 ±1.69a	119.22 ± 1.65a	0.0001
AST (IU/L)	23.09 ± 1.07b	0.05	34.05 ± 5.98a	27.25 ± 1.41ab	0.05
ALT (IU/L)	17.82 ± 0.88b	0.0001	30.06 ± 2.75a	25.17 ± 1.45a	0.0001
Urea (mg/dL)	25.01 ± 1.32	0.84 NS	25.93 ± 1.56	26.21 ± 1.64	0.84 NS
Creatinine (mg/dl)	0.665 ± 0.02b	0.0001	0.759 ± 0.02a	0.759 ± 0.02a	0.0001
Albumin in urine	-	0.19 NS	460.50 ± 47.06	381.66 ± 35.43	0.19 NS
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	12.68 ± 0.19a	0.0001	11.69 ± 0.19b	12.02 ± 0.21b	0.0001
Platelets counts × 109 L	287.60 ± 11.23a	0.0006	182.83 ± 10.48b	204.90 ± 10.70b	0.0006
Elabela (pg/mL)	18.36 ± 0.43a	0.002	11.05 ± 0.22b	7.61 ± 0.19c	0.002

^aThe highest difference.

^bModerate difference.

^cLeast difference.

The analysis was conducted using ANOVA, where the P value represents the difference among the three groups. To show which group has the highest difference, we use letters ^a, ^b, and ^c. If the three groups have no difference between them, then the letter used is the same. BMI: Body mass index; BP: Blood pressure; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine transaminase; NS: Not significant.