Incidence and peri-operative risk factors for development of acute kidney injury in patients after cardiac surgery: A prospective observational study

Table 2 Univariate logistic regression analysis for acute kidney injury development

Variable	Exp (B)	95%CI	P value
Preoperative characteristics
Female sex	0.64	0.32–1.31	0.224
Age	1.02	0.99–1.05	0.125
BMI	0.98	0.92–1.05	0.601
EuroScore II	1.21	1.08–1.34	0.001
Hb	1.01	0.76–1.34	0.948
WBC	1.0	1.0–1.0	0.014
Creatinine	1.5	0.76–2.96	0.246
HTN	0.86	0.4–1.85	0.699
Diabetes	0.91	0.47–1.75	0.777
CKD	2.93	1.49–5.77	0.002
CAD	1.02	0.53–1.96	0.959
CHF	0.12	0.01–1.14	0.64
PCP	1.47	0.16–13.44	0.733
PAD	0.53	0.14–1.95	0.337
Thyroid disease	1.63	0.67–3.97	0.282
Stroke	0.73	0.06–8.16	0.794
Intraoperative characteristics
Duration of CPB	1.01	1.0–1.01	0.044
Aortic cross-clamp time	1.01	1.0–1.01	0.222
Duration of general anesthesia in surgery	1.0	1.0–1.01	0.031
Postoperative characteristics
Systolic blood pressure	0.99	0.97–1.01	0.181
Diastolic blood pressure	0.97	0.94–1.0	0.026
Mean arterial blood pressure	0.97	0.94–0.99	0.009
Duration of mechanical ventilation	1.043	1.02-1.066	< 0.001
Duration of sedation in ICU	1.0	1.0–1.0	0.004
Duration of sedation during and post surgery	1.0	1.0–1.0	0.003
Fluid balance 24 h post surgery	1.0	1.0–1.0	0.007
WBC	1.11	1.02–1.21	0.014
Vasopressors	0.35	0.18–0.67	0.001
Inotropes	0.49	0.25–0.98	0.042

AKI: Acute kidney injury; BMI: Body mass index; Hb: Hemoglobin; WBC: White blood cells; sCr: Serum creatinine; HTN: Hypertension; CAD: Coronary artery disease; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; CHF: Chronic heart failure; PPC: Permanent pacemaker; ICD: Implantable cardioverter defibrillator; PAD: Peripheral artery disease; CPB: Cardiopulmonary bypass; ICU: Intensive care unit. Statistical significance was set at P value less than 0.05.