Hypoperfusion context as a predictor of 28-d all-cause mortality in septic shock patients: A comparative observational study

Table 1 Comparison of Group 1 and Group 2

Variable	Group 1			Group 2			P value
	mean ± SD	Min-Max	Median (Q1-Q3)	mean ± SD	Min-Max	Median (Q1-Q3)
Age	62.34 ± 14.32	20-92	64 (56-73)	61.03 ± 15.10	25-82	66.5 (52-72)	0.843
APACHE II	20.82 ± 5.47	9-32	20 (17-25)	23.78 ± 5.41	8-33	24 (21-28)	0.002a
SOFA score	9.26 ± 4.22	2-18	8 (6-13)	8.88 ± 3.44	4-16	8 (6-11.75)	0.751
Hemoglobin	11.24 ± 6.30	7.1-16.70	10.2 (9.10-12.20)	10.26 ± 1.93	7.1-16	10.25 (8.75-11.7)	0.299
TLC	12.37 ± 7.92	0.1-46.50	11.9 (6.70-16.70)	12.56 ± 9.34	1.4-42.80	9.65 (6.5-16.65)	0.668
Platelet count	2.17 ± 1.01	0.1-5.26	1.98 (1.63-2.78)	2.08 ± 0.72	0.25-3.18	2.02 (1.61-2.75)	0.904
Serum bilirubin	1.84 ± 2.78	0.16-18.57	0.8 (0.55-1.6)	1.68 ± 2.24	0.28-10.93	0.81 (0.41-1.84)	0.507
Serum albumin	3.0 ± 0.60	1.5-4.4	2.9 (2.60-3.50)	2.9 ± 0.60	1.7-4	2.9 (2.30.-3.40)	0.584
INR	1.35 ± 0.36	0.95-3.83	1.28 (1.12-1.49)	1.31 ± 0.30	1.01-2.52	1.26 (1.08-1.44)	0.323
Creatinine	1.59 ± 1.31	0.2-10.50	1.3 (0.70-1.90)	1.34 ± 0.91	0.20-4.20	1.15 (0.6-1.85)	0.265
Urea	51.68 ± 34.75	7.8-229	41.7 (29.70-64.60)	54.12 ± 35.30	3.3-157	44 (33.1-69.88)	0.565
Heart rate	104.15 ± 15.44	64-156	107 (94-114)	106.73 ± 15.65	70-137	112 (98-118.75)	0.216
SBP	101.6 ± 22.16	50-166	102 (90-117)	99.5 ± 21.53	60-133	102 (81-117.75)	0.629
DBP	56.92 ± 15.26	24-97	58 (45-66)	58.58 ± 15.65	36-90	59 (44-68.75)	0.685
MAP	71.62 ± 16.08	31-106	70 (64-82)	72.5 ± 16.47	44-103	70.5 (61.75-87)	0.808
Lactate at 0 h	4.87 ± 1.69	2.1-9.70	4.6 (3.50-5.90)	4.76 ± 1.75	2.3-9.8	4.15 (3.5-5.65)	0.594
Lactate at 3 h	4.22 ± 2.0	1.3-12.00	3.6 (2.80-5.20)	3.82 ± 2.06	1.9-12.40	3.4 (2.45-4.10)	0.16
Lactate at 6 h	3.91 ± 3.01	0.6-14.10	2.8 (2.0-4.60)	3.88 ± 3.48	0.9-16.70	2.7 (2.0-4.20)	0.7
CRT at 0 h	5.14 ± 2.16	2-12	5 (3-7)	2.25 ± 0.67	1-3	2 (2-3)	< 0.001a
CRT at 3 h	4.72 ± 2.68	1.0-13.00	4 (3-7)	3.55 ± 2	2-9	3 (2-4)	0.011a
CRT at 6 h	4.50 ± 3.30	1.0-13.00	3 (2-7)	3.88 ± 3.22	1-13	3 (2-4)	0.255
ScvO2 at 0 h	64.5 ± 9.10	42.8-74.20	70.4 (56.40-71.80)	71.8 ± 1.30	68.1-74.0	71.8 (70.9-72.70)	< 0.001a
ScvO2 at 3 h	60.1 ± 7.0	36.8-73.70	60.8 (56.70-64.70)	63.8 ± 4.70	52.8-73.50	63.6 (61.7-67.3)	0.002a
ScvO2 at 6 h	58.6 ± 9.0	36.7-89.20	60.2 (52.30-64.90)	62.4 ± 6.80	42.3-71.0	63.7 (58.7-68.3)	0.010a
P(cv-a)CO2 at 0 h	6.63 ± 1.78	2.9-9.80	7.2 (5-7.9)	4.24 ± 0.84	2.8-5.80	4.2 (3.6-4.86)	< 0.001a
P(cv-a)CO2 at 3 h	5.81 ± 2.03	2.6-12.30	5.5 (4.10-7)	5.05 ± 1.51	2.7-10	4.4 (4-5.98)	0.035a
P(cv-a)CO2 at 6 h	5.70 ± 2.30	2.6-12.40	5.1 (4-60.5)	5.88 ± 6.88	2.6-47	4.3 (3.6-6.375)	0.059
Lactate clearance at 3 h	10.2 ± 38.5	(-183.3-57.7)	22.7 (-7.30-36.0)	18.3 ± 29.8	(-103.3-58.2)	26.7 (5.4-36.4)	0.332
Lactate clearance at 6 h	15.3 ± 76.0	(-433.3-100.0)	39.6 (5.1-57.1)	20.3 ± 54.8	(-173.8-76.9)	39.1 (2.4-57.9)	0.973

^aDenotes statistical significance.

Group 1 referred to patients with hyperlactatemia in a hypoperfusion context. Group 2 referred to patients with hyperlactatemia in a non-hypoperfusion context. APACHE: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; CRT: Capillary refill time; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; INR: International normalized ratio; MAP: Mean arterial pressure; P(cv-a)CO₂: Central venous-arterial pCO₂ gradient; Q1: First quartile; Q3: Third quartile; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; ScvO₂: Central venous oxygen saturation; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; TLC: Total leukocyte count; SD: Standard deviation.