Role of natural products and intestinal flora on type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment

Table 2 Effects of natural products on type 2 diabetes mellitus

Natural products	Sources	Antidiabetic mechanisms
Allicin	Garlic	Maintains glucose homeostasis; Maintains insulin sensitivity
Saponin	Polygonatum kingianum	Lowers blood sugar and lipopolysaccharide; Improves glucose metabolism
Flavanoids	Enteromorphaprolifera	Decreased blood glucose levels; Improve glucose tolerance
Anthocyanin	Strawberry	Improved lipid, glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, gut barrier function; Reduce low grade inflammation and stimulate the host immune system
Alkoloids	Rhizomz coptidis	Improved insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, blood lipids
Catechin	Rhododendron groenlandicum	Reduced intestinal endotoxin levels; Improve mucosal barrier function; Lower serum glucose
Flavanols	Green tea leaves, red wine, cocoa, cranberry	Increase glucose tolerance; Increase insulin secretion