Association between direct-acting antiviral agents in hepatitis C virus treatment and hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence and recurrence: The endless debate

Table 2 Summary of Studies of the association between direct-acting antiviral agents and hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence

Ref.	Type of study	Number (treated with DAAs)	Median follow-up period	Incidence of HCC recurrence
Reig et al[56]	Retrospective	58	5.7 mo	27.6%
Conti et al[34]	Prospective	59	24 wk	28.81%
Calleja et al[58]	Retrospective	70	12 mo	30%
Elkassas et al[61]	Prospective	53 vs 63 untreated patients	16 mo vs 23 mo in the untreated group	37.7% vs 25.4%
ANRS study group[37]	Retrospective	(1) ANRS CO22 HEPATHER cohort: 189 vs 78 untreated patients	20.2 vs 26.2 mo	0.73 vs 0.66/100 person-mo
		(2) ANRS CO12 CirVir cohort: 13 patients received DAAs	79 mo	7.7%
Ogawa et al[64]	Prospective	152	1 yr	6.5% in non-cirrhotic and 23% in cirrhotic patients
Cabibbo et al[68]	Prospective	143	18 mo	29.1%
Huang et al[65]	Retrospective	62 receive DAAs vs 87 did not receive DAAs	12 mo	47% vs 49.8%
Singal et al[66]	Retrospective	304 received DAAs and 489 did not	365 d	17.1 vs 46.4%
Kinoshita et al[67]	Retrospective	147 received DAAs vs 156 received IFN	2 yr	60% vs 61%
Ikeda et al[71]	Prospective	89	2 yr	22.1%
Imai et al[72]	Retrospective	13 DAAs, 14 IFN, and 64 untreated groups	-	The 3-yr recurrence-free survival was 76.2% in DAAs group vs 69.2% in the IFN group and 22.4% in the untreated group
Gorgen et al[69]	Retrospective	875	-	the 5-yr recurrence-free survival was 93.4%, 84.8%, 73.9% for the pre-liver transplant DAA, IFN, and antiviral naïve groups
Tahata et al[70]	Retrospective	63 patients in each group	3 yr	43% in the DAAs vs 34% in the IFN group
Kamal et al[13]	Retrospective	52	2 yr	42.3%

DAAs: Direct-acting antiviral agents; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; IFN: Interferon.