Management of procedural pain in the intensive care unit

Table 1 Classification of procedural pain in the intensive care unit

Category	Specific operation
Establishment of vascular access	Arterial puncture and catheterization	Peripherally inserted central catheters	Central venous catheter	Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation	Continuous renal replacement therapy etc.
Natural cavity noninvasive catheterization	Endotracheal intubation	Bronchofiberscopy	Nasogastric tube intubation	Nasal jejunal intubation	Urethral catheterization etc.
Natural cavity percutaneous catheterization and extubation	Pericardiocentesis	Thoracentesis	Thoracic closed drainage	Tracheotomy	Abdominocentesis	Extraction of chest tube etc.
Others	Turn etc.