Doctor-led intensive diet education on health-related quality of life in patients with chronic renal failure and hyperphosphatemia

Table 5 Comparison of EQ-5D-3L scores between the two groups (mean ± SD, points)

Group	Number of examples	Time	Action ability	Self-care	Daily activities	Pain and discomfort	Anxiety and frustration	VAS score
Control group	60	Before the intervention	2.03 ± 0.44	2.12 ± 0.51	1.78 ± 0.62	2.16 ± 0.41	2.03 ± 0.52	58.25 ± 12.03
		Intervention for 3 mo	1.54 ± 0.32a	1.43 ± 0.43a	1.21 ± 0.32a	1.46 ± 0.37a	1.50 ± 0.46a	69.36 ± 7.14a
		Intervention for 6 mo	1.56 ± 0.41a	1.42 ± 0.32a	1.26 ± 0.25a	1.38 ± 0.26a	1.44 ± 0.51a	68.23 ± 8.27a
Observation group	60	Before the intervention	2.01 ± 0.42	2.14 ± 0.47	1.75 ± 0.56	2.12 ± 0.43	2.06 ± 0.47	57.44 ± 12.85
		Intervention for 3 mo	1.32 ± 0.25a,d	1.26 ± 0.37a,d	1.09 ± 0.26a,d	1.24 ± 0.33a,d	1.34 ± 0.39a,d	75.89 ± 6.98a,d
		Intervention for 6 mo	1.33 ± 0.21a,d	1.22 ± 0.32a,d	1.05 ± 0.24a,d	1.25 ± 0.29a,d	1.29 ± 0.27a,d	77.02 ± 8.45a,d

^aP < 0.05 vs those before intervention in this group.

^dP < 0.05 vs the control group.

VAS: Visual analogue scale.