Segmental artery injury during transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy: Two case reports

Table 1 Segmental artery injury during percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy reported in the literature

Ref.	Age	Sex	HNP level	HNP operation	Symptom	Diagnosis	Treatment
Kim et al[8], 2009	60	F	L4-5	PELD	Flank and leg pain, hip flexion weakness, low BP	Psoas hematoma	Transfusion
Ahn et al[7], 2009	64	M	L4-5	Trans foraminal PELD	Inguinal and flank pain	Retroperitoneal hematoma	Retroperitoneal exploration
Ahn et al[7], 2009	31	F	L4-5	Trans foraminal PELD	Inguinal and thigh pain	Retroperitoneal hematoma	Paraspinal and retroperitoneal exploration
Ahn et al[7], 2009	34	M	L4-5	Trans foraminal PELD	Inguinal and thigh pain	Psoas hematoma	Conservative
Ahn et al[7], 2009	41	F	L3-4, 4-5	Trans foraminal PELD	Inguinal pain, hip flexion weakness	Retroperitoneal hematoma	Conservative
Wang et al[10], 2018	64	F	L3-4	Trans foraminal PELD	Intraoperative bleeding	Lumbar artery injury	Coil embolization
Panagiotopoulos et al[9], 2019	39	M	L4-5	Trans foraminal PELD	Flank pain	Segmental artery pseudoaneurysm	Coil embolization

BP: Blood pressure; F: Female; M: Male; HNP: Herniation of nucleus pulposus; PELD: Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy.