Repeated ventricular bigeminy by trigeminocardiac reflex despite atropine administration during superficial upper lip surgery: A case report

Figure 3 Hemodynamic data and events with drug administration and electrocardiogram in chronological order. A: First, arrythmia occurred continuously; B: Atropine injection was administered, and arrhythmia with bradycardia disappeared; C: Second arrhythmia occurred continuously; D: Atropine injection was administered, and arrhythmia with bradycardia disappeared; E: Wait for 10 min for the atropine to take effect and arrhythmia reoccurred with re-traction of the surgical field tissue. MBP: Mean blood pressure; HR: Heart rate; BP: Blood pressure; BIS: Bispectral index; ETCO2: End-tidal CO2.