Development and validation of a risk assessment model for prediabetes in China national diabetes survey

Table 1 Characteristics of participants with available prediabetes risk factor data in the China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study population

Variable	All	Normal glucose tolerance	Prediabetes	P value
mean ± SD/n (%)	n = 40381	n = 33571	n = 6810
Age, yr	44 ± 13	43 ± 13	50 ± 13	< 0.001
Men	15848 (39.2)	13156 (39.2)	2692 (39.5)	0.6
Education
University or above	9375 (23.2)	8245 (24.6)	1130 (16.6)	< 0.001
Middle school	21800 (54.0)	18279 (54.4)	3521 (51.7)
Primary school	6656 (16.5)	5129 (15.3)	1527 (22.4)
Illiteracy	2550 (6.3)	1918 (5.7)	632 (9.3)
Residency, urban	25425 (63.0)	21294 (63.4)	4131 (60.7)	< 0.001
DM family history, yes	4736 (11.7)	3756 (11.2)	980 (14.4)	< 0.001
Ever smoker, yes	9874 (24.5)	8169 (24.3)	1705 (25.0)	0.22
WC, cm	81.1 ± 10.6	80.3 ± 10.4	85.4 ± 10.5	< 0.001
WC in men	84.8 ± 10.5	84.1 ± 10.2	88.5 ± 10.7
WC in women	78.7 ± 10.0	77.8 ± 9.8	83.4 ± 9.8
BMI, kg/m2	23.9 ± 3.6	23.6 ± 3.5	25.4 ± 3.7	< 0.001
Cholesterol, mmol/L	4.7 ± 1.0	4.6 ± 1.0	5.0 ± 1.0	< 0.001
Triglycerides, mmol/L	1.5 ± 1.1	1.4 ± 1.0	1.9 ± 1.3	< 0.001
HDLC, mmol/L	1.3 ± 0.3	1.3 ± 0.3	1.3 ± 0.3	< 0.001
LDLC, mmol/L	2.7 ± 0.8	2.7 ± 0.8	2.9 ± 0.8	< 0.001
SBP, mmHg	121.1 ± 18.6	119.5 ± 17.8	129.0 ± 20.7	< 0.001
DBP, mmHg	77.9 ± 11.2	77.2 ± 10.9	81.3 ± 11.6	< 0.001
Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L	5.1 ± 0.6	4.9 ± 0.5	5.6 ± 0.7	< 0.001
2-h plasma glucose, mmol/L	6.1 ± 1.6	5.6 ± 1.1	8.3 ± 1.5	< 0.001

DM: Diabetes mellitus; BMI: Body mass index; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; HDLC: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDLC: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; WC: Waist circumference.